Prepositions of Time

Prepositions of Time

Warm-Up/Review:

Begin by reviewing the following prepositions with the students (here they are shown in Ukrainian).

Then, have students translate them into English:

 

Presentation of New Material:

Have students copy the following chart into their exercise books, or onto a sheet of paper.

 

Fill in the Ukrainian rules of use….

 

…and then have the students help you to translate them into English.

 

Finally, give them examples for each rule of use.

 

Practice:

Students will recreate the chart by pairing the correct preposition with its rules of use, both in Ukrainian and in English.

 

Application:

Students will be given cards, or squares of paper, with examples on them. Students must then A) choose the correct preposition for this example, and then B) create a full sentence communicating an event in this time example.

 

For example:

1.       The evening à  In the evening à I eat dinner in the evening.

2.       Tuesday à On Tuesday à I have geography class on Tuesday.

3.       Lunch à At lunch à I see my friends at lunch.

4.       …Monday…Friday à From Monday to Friday à I go to school from Monday to Friday each week.

Check for Understanding:

Students will read their sentences aloud to the class; the other students will agree or disagree and help to correct any errors.

Basic Modal Verb: To Have To

Basic Modal Verb: To Have To

Communicating Obligation

	Teacher Guide
Objectives (to be written on board of delivered orally)	The student will be able to: Communicate, orally and written, ‘obligation’ using the modal verb ‘to have’
Warm-Up or Review 5 minutes	Review the verb мати, and have students conjugate the verb.
Presentation of New Material (New vocabulary and concepts) 10 minutes	Have students create this new table in their notes, or on a sheet of paper:                       Now, fill in the ‘main verb’ or predicate section of the chart and have students orally translate. For example, “I eat breakfast’ is ‘Я їм сніданок.’ But, if it is an obligation, we must add ‘have to’ and then it becomes ‘Я маю їсти сніданок.’ (or “Я повинен їсти сніданок”)                         Fill in the verb “to have” to communicate obligation.                         Fill in the negative column to communicate when something is NOT an obligation; note that the verb ‘to have’ changes in the negative form with he, she, and it.
Activity (Practice and Application) 20 minutes	Practice: Practice together as a class with the following examples (write in both the positive and the negative): (He) buy eggs (She) sew a dress (They) listen to music   Application: Give students the following ‘to do’ list. They must write sentences about themselves and what they have to, or do not have to, do.
Summary (Check for Understanding) 5 minutes	Check for Understanding: Once you have collected the sentences about the ‘to do’ list, have students orally tell you about the tasks on the list, varying the subjects. For example, ‘They have to do homework,’ or ‘He doesn’t have to call a friend.’

Introduction to Basic Modal Verbs

Modals help us to communicate about a request, an ability, a (future)possibility, or need.

Start with the three most basic modal verbs: can, will, must.

Can—A request (Can you hand me the book?) or an ability (She can walk to school.)

Will—A future possibility (I will eat dinner. /Will he finish in time?)

Must—A need (We must buy some food at the shop!)

 

Have students copy this basic table into their exercise books, or onto a sheet of paper. Today is a very basic introduction to these types of verbs.

 

A positive statement contains a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a main verb (what the subject is doing).

·         She sits on the bench.

To create a positive sentence with a modal verb, you must put the modal in between the subject and the main verb.

·         She can sit on the bench. (Note: here the main verb is in its infinitive without ‘to’.)

 

 

A negative statement has the same formula as a positive statement, but the modal verb is followed by ‘not’ or the contraction n’t.

·         She mustn’t sit on the bench.

·         She will not sit on the bench.

 

Unlike Ukrainian and Russian where there is not always a specified word order, in English, we adhere to specific word order when asking a question. With modal verbs it becomes very easy. The modal simply goes to the front of the sentence.

 

Further example:  (Practice)

·         We must answer all the questions.

·         (-) We must not answer all the questions.

·         (?) Must we answer all the questions?

 

Student Work: (Application)

Students must write the following 5 sentences, and then write them again in (A) negative and then in (B) question format, like the above example.

1.       I must go to the bank today.

2.       They will finish the test in time.

3.       Janet can play the piano.

4.       We will walk to school.

5.       You can call your teacher tonight.